DSECS: Dipolar Spherical Elementary Current Systems

For more information about the project and the technique, see:

• https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/activities/dsecs

• Vanhamäki, H., Maute, A., Alken, P. et al. Dipolar elementary current systems for ionospheric current reconstruction at low and middle latitudes. Earth Planets Space 72, 146 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01284-1

import logging
import datetime as dt
from swarmpal.io import create_paldata, PalDataItem
from swarmpal.toolboxes import dsecs
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# To enable logging in the notebook, uncomment this line:
# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, force=True)

Fetching inputs to the toolbox

def data_params(spacecraft="A"):
    return dict(
        server_url="https://vires.services/ows",
        collection=f"SW_OPER_MAG{spacecraft}_LR_1B",
        measurements=["B_NEC"],
        models=["Model = CHAOS"],  # currently must use name "Model"
        auxiliaries=["QDLat"],
        start_time="2016-03-18T11:00:00",
        end_time="2016-03-18T14:00:00",
        filters=["OrbitDirection == 1"],  # Filters according to ascending passes
        options=dict(asynchronous=False, show_progress=False),
    )


data = create_paldata(
    PalDataItem.from_vires(**data_params("A")),
    PalDataItem.from_vires(**data_params("C")),
)

print(data)

<xarray.DataTree 'paldata'>
Group: /
├── Group: /SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B
│       Dimensions:      (Timestamp: 5506, NEC: 3)
│       Coordinates:
│         * Timestamp    (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 44kB 2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 2016-...
│         * NEC          (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
│       Data variables:
│           Spacecraft   (Timestamp) object 44kB 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A' ... 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A'
│           B_NEC        (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.413e+04 ... 4.687e+04
│           QDLat        (Timestamp) float64 44kB -68.58 -68.54 -68.5 ... 82.04 82.01
│           B_NEC_Model  (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.411e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           Radius       (Timestamp) float64 44kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06
│           Longitude    (Timestamp) float64 44kB -26.01 -25.83 -25.66 ... 48.7 50.09
│           Latitude     (Timestamp) float64 44kB -82.61 -82.55 -82.49 ... 87.35 87.35
│       Attributes:
│           Sources:         ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B_20160318T00...
│           MagneticModels:  ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CH...
│           AppliedFilters:  ['OrbitDirection == 1']
│           PAL_meta:        {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T...
└── Group: /SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B
        Dimensions:      (Timestamp: 5500, NEC: 3)
        Coordinates:
          * Timestamp    (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 44kB 2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 2016-...
          * NEC          (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
        Data variables:
            Spacecraft   (Timestamp) object 44kB 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C' ... 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C'
            B_NEC        (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.412e+04 ... 4.688e+04
            QDLat        (Timestamp) float64 44kB -68.47 -68.43 -68.39 ... 82.03 82.0
            B_NEC_Model  (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.41e+04 ... 4.688e+04
            Radius       (Timestamp) float64 44kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06
            Longitude    (Timestamp) float64 44kB -23.86 -23.69 -23.54 ... 49.16 50.54
            Latitude     (Timestamp) float64 44kB -82.35 -82.29 -82.23 ... 87.35 87.35
        Attributes:
            Sources:         ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B_20160318T00...
            MagneticModels:  ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CH...
            AppliedFilters:  ['OrbitDirection == 1']
            PAL_meta:        {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T...

Applying the DSECS process

Preprocess

This initial process adds in Apex coordinates to the datasets.

p1 = dsecs.processes.Preprocess()
p1(data)
print(data)

<xarray.DataTree 'paldata'>
Group: /
│   Attributes:
│       PAL_meta:  {"output_datasets": ["DSECS_output"]}
├── Group: /SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B
│       Dimensions:        (Timestamp: 5506, NEC: 3)
│       Coordinates:
│         * Timestamp      (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 44kB 2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 201...
│         * NEC            (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
│       Data variables:
│           Spacecraft     (Timestamp) object 44kB 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A' ... 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A'
│           B_NEC          (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.413e+04 ... 4.687e+04
│           QDLat          (Timestamp) float64 44kB -68.58 -68.54 -68.5 ... 82.04 82.01
│           B_NEC_Model    (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.411e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           Radius         (Timestamp) float64 44kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06
│           Longitude      (Timestamp) float64 44kB -26.01 -25.83 -25.66 ... 48.7 50.09
│           Latitude       (Timestamp) float64 44kB -82.61 -82.55 -82.49 ... 87.35 87.35
│           ApexLatitude   (Timestamp) float64 44kB -69.37 -69.33 -69.29 ... 82.31 82.29
│           ApexLongitude  (Timestamp) float64 44kB 25.92 26.02 26.12 ... 155.1 155.5
│       Attributes:
│           Sources:         ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B_20160318T00...
│           MagneticModels:  ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CH...
│           AppliedFilters:  ['OrbitDirection == 1']
│           PAL_meta:        {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T...
├── Group: /SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B
│       Dimensions:        (Timestamp: 5500, NEC: 3)
│       Coordinates:
│         * Timestamp      (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 44kB 2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 201...
│         * NEC            (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
│       Data variables:
│           Spacecraft     (Timestamp) object 44kB 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C' ... 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C'
│           B_NEC          (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.412e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           QDLat          (Timestamp) float64 44kB -68.47 -68.43 -68.39 ... 82.03 82.0
│           B_NEC_Model    (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.41e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           Radius         (Timestamp) float64 44kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06
│           Longitude      (Timestamp) float64 44kB -23.86 -23.69 -23.54 ... 49.16 50.54
│           Latitude       (Timestamp) float64 44kB -82.35 -82.29 -82.23 ... 87.35 87.35
│           ApexLatitude   (Timestamp) float64 44kB -69.27 -69.23 -69.19 ... 82.3 82.28
│           ApexLongitude  (Timestamp) float64 44kB 26.81 26.91 27.01 ... 155.2 155.6
│       Attributes:
│           Sources:         ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B_20160318T00...
│           MagneticModels:  ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CH...
│           AppliedFilters:  ['OrbitDirection == 1']
│           PAL_meta:        {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T...
└── Group: /DSECS_output
        Attributes:
            PAL_meta:  {"DSECS_Preprocess": {"output_dataset": "DSECS_output", "datas...

Analysis

This process performs the DSECS analysis. It currently takes about 3 minutes to process one pass over the mid-latitudes.

%%time
p2 = dsecs.processes.Analysis()
p2(data)

CPU times: user 4min 17s, sys: 3.19 s, total: 4min 20s
Wall time: 3min

<xarray.DataTree 'paldata'>
Group: /
│   Attributes:
│       PAL_meta:  {"output_datasets": ["DSECS_output"]}
├── Group: /SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B
│       Dimensions:        (Timestamp: 5506, NEC: 3)
│       Coordinates:
│         * Timestamp      (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 44kB 2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 201...
│         * NEC            (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
│       Data variables:
│           Spacecraft     (Timestamp) object 44kB 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A' ... 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A'
│           B_NEC          (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.413e+04 ... 4.687e+04
│           QDLat          (Timestamp) float64 44kB -68.58 -68.54 -68.5 ... 82.04 82.01
│           B_NEC_Model    (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.411e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           Radius         (Timestamp) float64 44kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06
│           Longitude      (Timestamp) float64 44kB -26.01 -25.83 -25.66 ... 48.7 50.09
│           Latitude       (Timestamp) float64 44kB -82.61 -82.55 -82.49 ... 87.35 87.35
│           ApexLatitude   (Timestamp) float64 44kB -69.37 -69.33 -69.29 ... 82.31 82.29
│           ApexLongitude  (Timestamp) float64 44kB 25.92 26.02 26.12 ... 155.1 155.5
│       Attributes:
│           Sources:         ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B_20160318T00...
│           MagneticModels:  ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CH...
│           AppliedFilters:  ['OrbitDirection == 1']
│           PAL_meta:        {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T...
├── Group: /SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B
│       Dimensions:        (Timestamp: 5500, NEC: 3)
│       Coordinates:
│         * Timestamp      (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 44kB 2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 201...
│         * NEC            (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
│       Data variables:
│           Spacecraft     (Timestamp) object 44kB 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C' ... 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C'
│           B_NEC          (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.412e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           QDLat          (Timestamp) float64 44kB -68.47 -68.43 -68.39 ... 82.03 82.0
│           B_NEC_Model    (Timestamp, NEC) float64 132kB 1.41e+04 ... 4.688e+04
│           Radius         (Timestamp) float64 44kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06
│           Longitude      (Timestamp) float64 44kB -23.86 -23.69 -23.54 ... 49.16 50.54
│           Latitude       (Timestamp) float64 44kB -82.35 -82.29 -82.23 ... 87.35 87.35
│           ApexLatitude   (Timestamp) float64 44kB -69.27 -69.23 -69.19 ... 82.3 82.28
│           ApexLongitude  (Timestamp) float64 44kB 26.81 26.91 27.01 ... 155.2 155.6
│       Attributes:
│           Sources:         ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B_20160318T00...
│           MagneticModels:  ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CH...
│           AppliedFilters:  ['OrbitDirection == 1']
│           PAL_meta:        {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T...
└── Group: /DSECS_output
    │   Attributes:
    │       PAL_meta:  {"DSECS_Preprocess": {"output_dataset": "DSECS_output", "datas...
    ├── Group: /DSECS_output/0
    │   ├── Group: /DSECS_output/0/currents
    │   │       Dimensions:      (x: 160, y: 7)
    │   │       Coordinates:
    │   │           Longitude    (x, y) float64 9kB 348.4 349.1 349.8 ... 350.5 351.2 351.9
    │   │           Latitude     (x, y) float64 9kB -39.96 -39.96 -39.96 ... 39.54 39.54 39.54
    │   │       Dimensions without coordinates: x, y
    │   │       Data variables:
    │   │           JEastDf      (x, y) float64 9kB 12.72 12.93 13.3 13.73 ... 37.02 37.14 37.48
    │   │           JNorthDf     (x, y) float64 9kB 3.516 3.657 3.778 ... -2.793 -1.304 0.7451
    │   │           Jr           (x, y) float64 9kB 5.582 4.441 3.013 ... -1.077 0.4146 -0.4951
    │   │           JEastCf      (x, y) float64 9kB 3.991 3.817 3.626 ... -1.831 -2.357 -2.855
    │   │           JNorthCf     (x, y) float64 9kB 15.71 15.87 16.01 ... 3.147 3.519 3.884
    │   │           JEastTotal   (x, y) float64 9kB 16.71 16.75 16.93 17.2 ... 35.19 34.78 34.62
    │   │           JNorthTotal  (x, y) float64 9kB 19.22 19.52 19.78 ... 0.3541 2.215 4.629
    │   │       Attributes:
    │   │           description:              DSECS result geographic coordinates
    │   │           ionospheric height (km):  6501
    │   │           Time interval:            2016-03-18T11:06:00 - 2016-03-18T11:37:13
    │   │           Mean time:                2016-03-18T11:21:36
    │   ├── Group: /DSECS_output/0/Fit_Alpha
    │   │       Dimensions:     (Timestamp: 1874, NEC: 3)
    │   │       Coordinates:
    │   │         * Timestamp   (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 15kB 2016-03-18T11:06:00 ... 2016-0...
    │   │         * NEC         (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
    │   │       Data variables:
    │   │           B_NEC_fit   (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB 0.9512 10.68 ... -10.07 -9.467
    │   │           B_NEC_data  (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB 1.2 12.2 7.152 ... -11.31 -9.008
    │   │           Longitude   (Timestamp) float64 15kB -11.22 -11.21 -11.2 ... -9.878 -9.871
    │   │           Latitude    (Timestamp) float64 15kB -59.96 -59.9 -59.83 ... 59.92 59.99
    │   │           Radius      (Timestamp) float64 15kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.816e+06
    │   │       Attributes:
    │   │           description:  DSECS magnetic field fit.
    │   │           satellite:    Swarm Alpha
    │   └── Group: /DSECS_output/0/Fit_Charlie
    │           Dimensions:     (Timestamp: 1874, NEC: 3)
    │           Coordinates:
    │             * Timestamp   (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 15kB 2016-03-18T11:06:00 ... 2016-0...
    │             * NEC         (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
    │           Data variables:
    │               B_NEC_fit   (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB -1.112 11.08 ... -10.11 -9.272
    │               B_NEC_data  (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB 0.683 13.04 ... -10.94 -8.747
    │               Longitude   (Timestamp) float64 15kB -9.758 -9.75 -9.743 ... -8.419 -8.411
    │               Latitude    (Timestamp) float64 15kB -59.69 -59.62 -59.56 ... 60.2 60.26
    │               Radius      (Timestamp) float64 15kB 6.831e+06 6.831e+06 ... 6.816e+06
    │           Attributes:
    │               description:  DSECS magnetic field fit.
    │               satellite:    Swarm Charlie
    └── Group: /DSECS_output/1
        ├── Group: /DSECS_output/1/currents
        │       Dimensions:      (x: 160, y: 7)
        │       Coordinates:
        │           Longitude    (x, y) float64 9kB 324.9 325.7 326.4 ... 327.0 327.7 328.4
        │           Latitude     (x, y) float64 9kB -39.95 -39.95 -39.95 ... 39.55 39.55 39.55
        │       Dimensions without coordinates: x, y
        │       Data variables:
        │           JEastDf      (x, y) float64 9kB 17.71 17.8 18.02 17.99 ... 17.09 16.93 17.01
        │           JNorthDf     (x, y) float64 9kB 14.82 15.99 16.73 ... -17.06 -14.76 -11.38
        │           Jr           (x, y) float64 9kB -0.15 4.891 11.06 ... -19.09 -16.88 -14.24
        │           JEastCf      (x, y) float64 9kB 7.956 7.311 6.408 ... -4.29 -3.409 -2.703
        │           JNorthCf     (x, y) float64 9kB 32.09 31.83 31.77 ... -9.872 -9.959 -9.941
        │           JEastTotal   (x, y) float64 9kB 25.67 25.11 24.43 23.76 ... 12.8 13.52 14.31
        │           JNorthTotal  (x, y) float64 9kB 46.9 47.82 48.51 ... -26.93 -24.72 -21.32
        │       Attributes:
        │           description:              DSECS result geographic coordinates
        │           ionospheric height (km):  6501
        │           Time interval:            2016-03-18T12:39:33 - 2016-03-18T13:10:46
        │           Mean time:                2016-03-18T12:55:09
        ├── Group: /DSECS_output/1/Fit_Alpha
        │       Dimensions:     (Timestamp: 1874, NEC: 3)
        │       Coordinates:
        │         * Timestamp   (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 15kB 2016-03-18T12:39:33 ... 2016-0...
        │         * NEC         (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
        │       Data variables:
        │           B_NEC_fit   (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB -1.297 34.78 ... -32.73 -5.795
        │           B_NEC_data  (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB -3.149 40.9 4.93 ... -29.42 -2.885
        │           Longitude   (Timestamp) float64 15kB -34.69 -34.68 -34.67 ... -33.35 -33.34
        │           Latitude    (Timestamp) float64 15kB -59.95 -59.89 -59.82 ... 59.93 60.0
        │           Radius      (Timestamp) float64 15kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.816e+06
        │       Attributes:
        │           description:  DSECS magnetic field fit.
        │           satellite:    Swarm Alpha
        └── Group: /DSECS_output/1/Fit_Charlie
                Dimensions:     (Timestamp: 1874, NEC: 3)
                Coordinates:
                  * Timestamp   (Timestamp) datetime64[s] 15kB 2016-03-18T12:39:33 ... 2016-0...
                  * NEC         (NEC) <U1 12B 'N' 'E' 'C'
                Data variables:
                    B_NEC_fit   (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB -3.886 35.33 ... -32.17 -6.292
                    B_NEC_data  (Timestamp, NEC) float64 45kB -5.221 43.65 ... -23.76 -1.899
                    Longitude   (Timestamp) float64 15kB -33.22 -33.21 -33.21 ... -31.88 -31.88
                    Latitude    (Timestamp) float64 15kB -59.61 -59.55 -59.49 ... 60.27 60.33
                    Radius      (Timestamp) float64 15kB 6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.816e+06
                Attributes:
                    description:  DSECS magnetic field fit.
                    satellite:    Swarm Charlie

xarray.DataTree

'paldata'

• /SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B(15)

  • Dimensions:
    • Timestamp: 5506
    • NEC: 3
  • Coordinates: (2)
    • Timestamp
      (Timestamp)
      datetime64[s]
      2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 2016-03-...

      description :

      Time stamp

      array(['2016-03-18T11:00:00', '2016-03-18T11:00:01', '2016-03-18T11:00:02',..., '2016-03-18T13:18:29', '2016-03-18T13:18:30','2016-03-18T13:18:31'], shape=(5506,), dtype='datetime64[s]')

    • NEC
      (NEC)
      <U1
      'N' 'E' 'C'

      units :

      description :

      NEC frame - North, East, Centre (down)

      array(['N', 'E', 'C'], dtype='<U1')

  • Data variables: (9)
    • Spacecraft
      (Timestamp)
      object
      'A' 'A' 'A' 'A' ... 'A' 'A' 'A' 'A'

      units :

      -

      description :

      Spacecraft identifier (values: 'A', 'B', 'C' or '-' if not available).

      array(['A', 'A', 'A', ..., 'A', 'A', 'A'], shape=(5506,), dtype=object)

    • B_NEC
      (Timestamp, NEC)
      float64
      1.413e+04 -1.228e+03 ... 4.687e+04

      units :

      nT

      description :

      Magnetic field vector, NEC frame

      array([[ 14130.4418,  -1227.6292, -36890.56  ],[ 14135.2269,  -1257.6736, -36845.6937],[ 14141.1673,  -1287.7413, -36800.3685],...,[  1748.6482,    887.5147,  46855.3458],[  1718.9878,    908.7423,  46864.5844],[  1689.1746,    929.3298,  46873.7358]], shape=(5506, 3))

    • QDLat
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -68.58 -68.54 -68.5 ... 82.04 82.01

      units :

      deg

      description :

      Magnetic quasi-dipole latitude

      array([-68.58007812, -68.53824615, -68.49638367, ...,  82.07093811,82.04152679,  82.0116806 ], shape=(5506,))

    • B_NEC_Model
      (Timestamp, NEC)
      float64
      1.411e+04 -1.23e+03 ... 4.688e+04

      units :

      nT

      description :

      Magnetic field vector, NEC frame, calculated by the Model spherical harmonic model

      array([[ 14106.90937893,  -1229.58130376, -36906.99783518],[ 14113.13500233,  -1263.1762613 , -36861.62094745],[ 14119.25902062,  -1296.16675279, -36816.22512916],...,[  1877.66338861,    995.02105331,  46860.60627143],[  1844.56223427,   1020.06436404,  46869.78488048],[  1811.319097  ,   1044.12156551,  46878.95800996]],shape=(5506, 3))

    • Radius
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06

      units :

      m

      description :

      Position in ITRF - Radius

      array([6832151.51, 6832150.46, 6832149.41, ..., 6813813.61, 6813814.06,6813814.53], shape=(5506,))

    • Longitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -26.01 -25.83 -25.66 ... 48.7 50.09

      units :

      deg

      description :

      Position in ITRF - Longitude

      array([-26.0071466, -25.8342645, -25.6641839, ...,  47.3156903,48.7009751,  50.0879282], shape=(5506,))

    • Latitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -82.61 -82.55 ... 87.35 87.35

      units :

      deg

      description :

      Position in ITRF - Latitude

      array([-82.6080035, -82.5482793, -82.4884859, ...,  87.3482522,87.3506225,  87.3514346], shape=(5506,))

    • ApexLatitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -69.37 -69.33 ... 82.31 82.29

      array([-69.37180328, -69.33164978, -69.29147339, ...,  82.34253693,82.31414032,  82.28533936], shape=(5506,))

    • ApexLongitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      25.92 26.02 26.12 ... 155.1 155.5

      array([ 25.92107773,  26.0216198 ,  26.12168884, ..., 154.63993835,155.05809021, 155.47317505], shape=(5506,))

  • Attributes: (4)

    Sources :

    ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B_20160318T000000_20160318T235959_0701_MDR_MAG_LR', 'SW_OPER_MCO_SHA_2X_19970101T000000_20260206T235959_0805', 'SW_OPER_MMA_CHAOS__20160101T000000_20161231T233000_0704', 'SW_OPER_MODA_SC_1B_20160318T000000_20160318T235959_0601']

    MagneticModels :

    ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-Static'(max_degree=185,min_degree=21) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Primary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Secondary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1)"]

    AppliedFilters :

    ['OrbitDirection == 1']

    PAL_meta :

    {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T14:00:00"], "magnetic_models": {"Model": "'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-Static'(max_degree=185,min_degree=21) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Primary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Secondary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1)"}, "config": {"pad_times": [], "collection": "SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B", "measurements": ["B_NEC"], "start_time": "2016-03-18T11:00:00", "end_time": "2016-03-18T14:00:00", "server_url": "https://vires.services/ows", "models": ["Model = CHAOS"], "auxiliaries": ["QDLat"], "sampling_step": null, "filters": ["OrbitDirection == 1"], "options": {"asynchronous": false, "show_progress": false}, "provider": "vires"}}

  /SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B(15)

  • Dimensions:
    • Timestamp: 5500
    • NEC: 3
  • Coordinates: (2)
    • Timestamp
      (Timestamp)
      datetime64[s]
      2016-03-18T11:00:00 ... 2016-03-...

      description :

      Time stamp

      array(['2016-03-18T11:00:00', '2016-03-18T11:00:01', '2016-03-18T11:00:02',..., '2016-03-18T13:18:24', '2016-03-18T13:18:25','2016-03-18T13:18:26'], shape=(5500,), dtype='datetime64[s]')

    • NEC
      (NEC)
      <U1
      'N' 'E' 'C'

      units :

      description :

      NEC frame - North, East, Centre (down)

      array(['N', 'E', 'C'], dtype='<U1')

  • Data variables: (9)
    • Spacecraft
      (Timestamp)
      object
      'C' 'C' 'C' 'C' ... 'C' 'C' 'C' 'C'

      units :

      -

      description :

      Spacecraft identifier (values: 'A', 'B', 'C' or '-' if not available).

      array(['C', 'C', 'C', ..., 'C', 'C', 'C'], shape=(5500,), dtype=object)

    • B_NEC
      (Timestamp, NEC)
      float64
      1.412e+04 -1.64e+03 ... 4.688e+04

      units :

      nT

      description :

      Magnetic field vector, NEC frame

      array([[ 14122.8701,  -1639.8683, -36683.3914],[ 14129.2449,  -1665.0929, -36637.8155],[ 14133.3915,  -1688.1104, -36593.2043],...,[  1738.9381,    894.7626,  46858.6179],[  1708.8227,    915.8402,  46867.8604],[  1678.3881,    935.1693,  46877.1518]], shape=(5500, 3))

    • QDLat
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -68.47 -68.43 -68.39 ... 82.03 82.0

      units :

      deg

      description :

      Magnetic quasi-dipole latitude

      array([-68.47122955, -68.42997742, -68.38868713, ...,  82.05883026,82.03052521,  82.00178528], shape=(5500,))

    • B_NEC_Model
      (Timestamp, NEC)
      float64
      1.41e+04 -1.654e+03 ... 4.688e+04

      units :

      nT

      description :

      Magnetic field vector, NEC frame, calculated by the Model spherical harmonic model

      array([[ 14099.30453575,  -1654.36565613, -36699.3236534 ],[ 14104.4126495 ,  -1685.17410791, -36654.08311066],[ 14109.44330848,  -1715.43339552, -36608.82391437],...,[  1867.67025122,   1003.83920339,  46863.65147916],[  1834.09694078,   1028.31111244,  46872.89131329],[  1800.3805707 ,   1051.81500828,  46882.12372619]],shape=(5500, 3))

    • Radius
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.814e+06

      units :

      m

      description :

      Position in ITRF - Radius

      array([6832150.02, 6832148.93, 6832147.84, ..., 6813805.45, 6813805.91,6813806.39], shape=(5500,))

    • Longitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -23.86 -23.69 ... 49.16 50.54

      units :

      deg

      description :

      Position in ITRF - Longitude

      array([-23.8560839, -23.6948061, -23.5360704, ...,  47.774357 ,49.1576798,  50.54381  ], shape=(5500,))

    • Latitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -82.35 -82.29 ... 87.35 87.35

      units :

      deg

      description :

      Position in ITRF - Latitude

      array([-82.3510204, -82.2910095, -82.2309359, ...,  87.3459926,87.3494515,  87.3513548], shape=(5500,))

    • ApexLatitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      -69.27 -69.23 -69.19 ... 82.3 82.28

      array([-69.2673111 , -69.22772217, -69.18810272, ...,  82.33084106,82.3035202 ,  82.27577972], shape=(5500,))

    • ApexLongitude
      (Timestamp)
      float64
      26.81 26.91 27.01 ... 155.2 155.6

      array([ 26.80817795,  26.90924454,  27.00984573, ..., 154.76399231,155.18792725, 155.6088562 ], shape=(5500,))

  • Attributes: (4)

    Sources :

    ['CHAOS-8.1_static.shc', 'SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B_20160318T000000_20160318T235959_0701_MDR_MAG_LR', 'SW_OPER_MCO_SHA_2X_19970101T000000_20260206T235959_0805', 'SW_OPER_MMA_CHAOS__20160101T000000_20161231T233000_0704', 'SW_OPER_MODC_SC_1B_20160318T000000_20160318T235959_0601']

    MagneticModels :

    ["Model = 'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-Static'(max_degree=185,min_degree=21) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Primary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Secondary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1)"]

    AppliedFilters :

    ['OrbitDirection == 1']

    PAL_meta :

    {"analysis_window": ["2016-03-18T11:00:00", "2016-03-18T14:00:00"], "magnetic_models": {"Model": "'CHAOS-Core'(max_degree=20,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-Static'(max_degree=185,min_degree=21) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Primary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1) + 'CHAOS-MMA-Secondary'(max_degree=2,min_degree=1)"}, "config": {"pad_times": [], "collection": "SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B", "measurements": ["B_NEC"], "start_time": "2016-03-18T11:00:00", "end_time": "2016-03-18T14:00:00", "server_url": "https://vires.services/ows", "models": ["Model = CHAOS"], "auxiliaries": ["QDLat"], "sampling_step": null, "filters": ["OrbitDirection == 1"], "options": {"asynchronous": false, "show_progress": false}, "provider": "vires"}}

  /DSECS_output(63)

  • /DSECS_output/0(31)

    • /DSECS_output/0/currents(13)

      • Dimensions:
        • x: 160
        • y: 7
      • Coordinates: (2)
        • Longitude
          (x, y)
          float64
          348.4 349.1 349.8 ... 351.2 351.9

          unit :

          deg

          array([[348.41231034, 349.12574274, 349.83917515, ..., 351.26603995,351.97947236, 352.69290476],[348.41869794, 349.13212916, 349.84556038, ..., 351.27242281,351.98585402, 352.69928524],[348.42453458, 349.13796461, 349.85139465, ..., 351.27825472,351.99168475, 352.70511479],...,[347.62106233, 348.33434258, 349.04762282, ..., 350.4741833 ,351.18746355, 351.90074379],[347.62655413, 348.33983274, 349.05311134, ..., 350.47966854,351.19294714, 351.90622574],[347.63258926, 348.34586616, 349.05914307, ..., 350.48569689,351.19897379, 351.9122507 ]], shape=(160, 7))

        • Latitude
          (x, y)
          float64
          -39.96 -39.96 ... 39.54 39.54

          unit :

          deg

          array([[-39.9616273, -39.9616273, -39.9616273, ..., -39.9616273,-39.9616273, -39.9616273],[-39.4616273, -39.4616273, -39.4616273, ..., -39.4616273,-39.4616273, -39.4616273],[-38.9616273, -38.9616273, -38.9616273, ..., -38.9616273,-38.9616273, -38.9616273],...,[ 38.5383727,  38.5383727,  38.5383727, ...,  38.5383727,38.5383727,  38.5383727],[ 39.0383727,  39.0383727,  39.0383727, ...,  39.0383727,39.0383727,  39.0383727],[ 39.5383727,  39.5383727,  39.5383727, ...,  39.5383727,39.5383727,  39.5383727]], shape=(160, 7))

      • Data variables: (7)
        • JEastDf
          (x, y)
          float64
          12.72 12.93 13.3 ... 37.14 37.48

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Div free Eastward current densoty

          array([[12.71505554, 12.92819581, 13.30330509, ..., 14.16929865,14.56800083, 14.88544148],[12.61831411, 12.83882946, 13.21002445, ..., 14.09001342,14.48906313, 14.8046077 ],[12.57579235, 12.81485778, 13.18079244, ..., 14.07261273,14.47684893, 14.78033576],...,[39.46512342, 39.93289492, 40.23828481, ..., 40.68803266,40.85833971, 41.12652023],[38.2613635 , 38.71718536, 38.95991585, ..., 39.19656093,39.28617507, 39.56621339],[36.23359618, 36.68142772, 36.89357393, ..., 37.02299414,37.13736625, 37.47613762]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JNorthDf
          (x, y)
          float64
          3.516 3.657 3.778 ... -1.304 0.7451

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Div free Northward current density

          array([[ 3.51564335,  3.65720299,  3.77844571, ...,  3.74055578,3.56674289,  3.3562112 ],[ 3.33033194,  3.36206806,  3.39307405, ...,  3.32217441,3.21019384,  3.08589641],[ 3.14524023,  3.06838181,  3.00729764, ...,  2.90805449,2.86410744,  2.83096753],...,[ 1.5068243 , -0.93172741, -2.65255963, ..., -2.54824095,-0.84887352,  1.43681967],[ 1.01044066, -1.25274378, -2.82861544, ..., -2.69151248,-1.07736461,  1.11635797],[ 0.48655912, -1.55504927, -2.95254328, ..., -2.79261681,-1.30384373,  0.74513684]], shape=(160, 7))

        • Jr
          (x, y)
          float64
          5.582 4.441 ... 0.4146 -0.4951

          unit :

          nA/m^2

          description :

          Radial current density

          array([[  5.58172004,   4.44053999,   3.01320228, ...,   0.03532933,1.99483031,   1.97917409],[  8.81891296,   8.48924302,   7.61935923, ...,   4.4943045 ,5.76658056,   4.95544886],[  8.55113945,   9.52632879,   9.67697898, ...,   7.89668967,9.74284256,   9.47321064],...,[-12.31213702, -14.22715552, -14.60664095, ...,  -5.57369393,-3.70433215,  -3.97133951],[ -9.38743118, -11.80174641, -13.10433227, ...,  -3.38533343,-1.77142173,  -2.44695541],[ -8.02420057, -10.47723278, -12.25779228, ...,  -1.07681714,0.41456785,  -0.49506769]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JEastCf
          (x, y)
          float64
          3.991 3.817 3.626 ... -2.357 -2.855

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Curl free Eastward current density

          array([[ 3.99060038,  3.81684912,  3.62566765, ...,  3.43353665,3.2245423 ,  2.91409356],[ 4.16886637,  3.96445967,  3.72796688, ...,  3.4976636 ,3.26902826,  2.95232569],[ 4.35794326,  4.14096081,  3.87618392, ...,  3.6236177 ,3.37565653,  3.05274207],...,[-2.80845145, -2.62790019, -2.36362974, ..., -2.46625953,-2.94775394, -3.44104284],[-2.47056266, -2.34873831, -2.09120087, ..., -2.16004076,-2.66467714, -3.1609427 ],[-2.11314992, -2.04993723, -1.80017005, ..., -1.83093835,-2.35710948, -2.85474686]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JNorthCf
          (x, y)
          float64
          15.71 15.87 16.01 ... 3.519 3.884

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Curl free Northward current density

          array([[15.70671071, 15.86725262, 16.00520211, ..., 16.17508995,16.22049691, 16.25530863],[15.30171183, 15.53835316, 15.74997121, ..., 16.05844464,16.17391173, 16.27726515],[14.8361516 , 15.07818786, 15.29277775, ..., 15.67279751,15.8597243 , 16.03330528],...,[ 0.68822494,  1.02688039,  1.33398109, ...,  2.02571479,2.37793588,  2.69449705],[ 1.22607746,  1.58615244,  1.91446939, ...,  2.64850983,3.00599812,  3.34189064],[ 1.66906485,  2.04331737,  2.38557583, ...,  3.14668871,3.51915132,  3.88386732]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JEastTotal
          (x, y)
          float64
          16.71 16.75 16.93 ... 34.78 34.62

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Total Eastward current density

          array([[16.70565592, 16.74504492, 16.92897274, ..., 17.6028353 ,17.79254312, 17.79953505],[16.78718048, 16.80328913, 16.93799133, ..., 17.58767702,17.75809139, 17.75693339],[16.93373561, 16.95581859, 17.05697636, ..., 17.69623043,17.85250546, 17.83307783],...,[36.65667197, 37.30499473, 37.87465507, ..., 38.22177313,37.91058577, 37.68547739],[35.79080084, 36.36844705, 36.86871498, ..., 37.03652017,36.62149793, 36.40527068],[34.12044626, 34.63149049, 35.09340388, ..., 35.19205578,34.78025677, 34.62139077]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JNorthTotal
          (x, y)
          float64
          19.22 19.52 19.78 ... 2.215 4.629

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Total Northward current density

          array([[19.22235406, 19.52445561, 19.78364782, ..., 19.91564573,19.7872398 , 19.61151982],[18.63204377, 18.90042122, 19.14304526, ..., 19.38061905,19.38410557, 19.36316156],[17.98139183, 18.14656966, 18.30007539, ..., 18.58085201,18.72383173, 18.86427281],...,[ 2.19504924,  0.09515298, -1.31857854, ..., -0.52252615,1.52906237,  4.13131672],[ 2.23651812,  0.33340866, -0.91414605, ..., -0.04300264,1.92863351,  4.4582486 ],[ 2.15562397,  0.4882681 , -0.56696745, ...,  0.3540719 ,2.21530759,  4.62900417]], shape=(160, 7))

      • Attributes: (4)

        description :

        DSECS result geographic coordinates

        ionospheric height (km) :

        6501

        Time interval :

        2016-03-18T11:06:00 - 2016-03-18T11:37:13

        Mean time :

        2016-03-18T11:21:36

      /DSECS_output/0/Fit_Alpha(9)

      • Dimensions:
        • Timestamp: 1874
        • NEC: 3
      • Coordinates: (2)
        • Timestamp
          (Timestamp)
          datetime64[s]
          2016-03-18T11:06:00 ... 2016-03-...

          description :

          UTC time

          array(['2016-03-18T11:06:00', '2016-03-18T11:06:01', '2016-03-18T11:06:02',..., '2016-03-18T11:37:11', '2016-03-18T11:37:12','2016-03-18T11:37:13'], shape=(1874,), dtype='datetime64[s]')

        • NEC
          (NEC)
          <U1
          'N' 'E' 'C'

          description :

          North East Center frame

          array(['N', 'E', 'C'], dtype='<U1')

      • Data variables: (5)
        • B_NEC_fit
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          0.9512 10.68 ... -10.07 -9.467

          unit :

          nT

          array([[  0.95121671,  10.68429774,   7.11709149],[  0.96461256,  10.92724266,   7.08796419],[  0.95439718,  11.12801029,   7.05833801],...,[-15.85377984, -10.413562  ,  -9.47961576],[-15.81384622, -10.26335639,  -9.47389797],[-15.76630383, -10.07204129,  -9.46738822]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • B_NEC_data
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          1.2 12.2 7.152 ... -11.31 -9.008

          unit :

          nT

          array([[  1.19985367,  12.19922794,   7.15184945],[  1.12772555,  12.23599979,   7.10437481],[  1.11727522,  12.46315357,   7.00488649],...,[-16.58417826, -11.06321926,  -9.06341777],[-16.68746661, -11.26996388,  -9.02639787],[-16.76165509, -11.30951118,  -9.00800142]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • Longitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -11.22 -11.21 ... -9.878 -9.871

          unit :

          deg

          array([-11.2168745, -11.2092828, -11.2017362, ...,  -9.8859371,-9.8783169,  -9.8706511], shape=(1874,))

        • Latitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -59.96 -59.9 -59.83 ... 59.92 59.99

          unit :

          deg

          array([-59.9615633, -59.8978486, -59.8341327, ...,  59.8594557,59.9234696,  59.9874826], shape=(1874,))

        • Radius
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.816e+06

          unit :

          m

          array([6831516.23, 6831513.63, 6831511.01, ..., 6815582.2 , 6815574.48,6815566.77], shape=(1874,))

      • Attributes: (2)

        description :

        DSECS magnetic field fit.

        satellite :

        Swarm Alpha

      /DSECS_output/0/Fit_Charlie(9)

      • Dimensions:
        • Timestamp: 1874
        • NEC: 3
      • Coordinates: (2)
        • Timestamp
          (Timestamp)
          datetime64[s]
          2016-03-18T11:06:00 ... 2016-03-...

          description :

          UTC time

          array(['2016-03-18T11:06:00', '2016-03-18T11:06:01', '2016-03-18T11:06:02',..., '2016-03-18T11:37:11', '2016-03-18T11:37:12','2016-03-18T11:37:13'], shape=(1874,), dtype='datetime64[s]')

        • NEC
          (NEC)
          <U1
          'N' 'E' 'C'

          description :

          North East Center frame

          array(['N', 'E', 'C'], dtype='<U1')

      • Data variables: (5)
        • B_NEC_fit
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          -1.112 11.08 ... -10.11 -9.272

          unit :

          nT

          array([[ -1.11244684,  11.07661926,   6.53462283],[ -1.08718094,  11.3109853 ,   6.5094826 ],[ -1.06107921,  11.54522966,   6.4846902 ],...,[-15.85990105, -10.40826393,  -9.26815823],[-15.79753278, -10.25779411,  -9.26918286],[-15.73355577, -10.11215968,  -9.27193535]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • B_NEC_data
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          0.683 13.04 6.402 ... -10.94 -8.747

          unit :

          nT

          array([[  0.6829563 ,  13.04132577,   6.4023681 ],[  0.48307907,  12.8754639 ,   6.321201  ],[  0.38700755,  13.09048933,   6.19677231],...,[-17.05743721, -10.51314565,  -8.82845403],[-17.12639305, -10.33809292,  -8.76224754],[-17.21082651, -10.93585453,  -8.74722297]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • Longitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -9.758 -9.75 ... -8.419 -8.411

          unit :

          deg

          array([-9.7575683, -9.7501688, -9.7428132, ..., -8.4264817, -8.4186641,-8.4107996], shape=(1874,))

        • Latitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -59.69 -59.62 -59.56 ... 60.2 60.26

          unit :

          deg

          array([-59.6878497, -59.6241298, -59.5604087, ...,  60.1349312,60.1989409,  60.2629495], shape=(1874,))

        • Radius
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          6.831e+06 6.831e+06 ... 6.816e+06

          unit :

          m

          array([6831499.72, 6831497.07, 6831494.41, ..., 6815544.82, 6815537.18,6815529.56], shape=(1874,))

      • Attributes: (2)

        description :

        DSECS magnetic field fit.

        satellite :

        Swarm Charlie

    /DSECS_output/1(31)

    • /DSECS_output/1/currents(13)

      • Dimensions:
        • x: 160
        • y: 7
      • Coordinates: (2)
        • Longitude
          (x, y)
          float64
          324.9 325.7 326.4 ... 327.7 328.4

          unit :

          deg

          array([[324.93872755, 325.65218752, 326.36564749, ..., 327.79256742,328.50602739, 329.21948735],[324.94509791, 325.65855606, 326.37201421, ..., 327.7989305 ,328.51238865, 329.2258468 ],[324.95091765, 325.66437403, 326.37783041, ..., 327.80474317,328.51819955, 329.23165592],...,[324.1470667 , 324.86033342, 325.57360014, ..., 327.00013357,327.71340029, 328.42666701],[324.15257265, 324.86583741, 325.57910217, ..., 327.0056317 ,327.71889646, 328.43216122],[324.15862209, 324.87188489, 325.58514769, ..., 327.01167329,327.72493609, 328.43819889]], shape=(160, 7))

        • Latitude
          (x, y)
          float64
          -39.95 -39.95 ... 39.55 39.55

          unit :

          deg

          array([[-39.9513185, -39.9513185, -39.9513185, ..., -39.9513185,-39.9513185, -39.9513185],[-39.4513185, -39.4513185, -39.4513185, ..., -39.4513185,-39.4513185, -39.4513185],[-38.9513185, -38.9513185, -38.9513185, ..., -38.9513185,-38.9513185, -38.9513185],...,[ 38.5486815,  38.5486815,  38.5486815, ...,  38.5486815,38.5486815,  38.5486815],[ 39.0486815,  39.0486815,  39.0486815, ...,  39.0486815,39.0486815,  39.0486815],[ 39.5486815,  39.5486815,  39.5486815, ...,  39.5486815,39.5486815,  39.5486815]], shape=(160, 7))

      • Data variables: (7)
        • JEastDf
          (x, y)
          float64
          17.71 17.8 18.02 ... 16.93 17.01

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Div free Eastward current densoty

          array([[17.71120106, 17.80395462, 18.01845172, ..., 18.03938636,17.7440064 , 17.41283532],[17.77658568, 18.21312723, 18.67489525, ..., 19.2054439 ,19.05484698, 18.89472866],[17.32378414, 17.92600938, 18.5312729 , ..., 19.48486982,19.60519589, 19.67559505],...,[16.86654934, 16.42102687, 15.9230554 , ..., 15.23419895,15.10827882, 15.11087206],[17.26461988, 16.82033692, 16.53296456, ..., 15.99618109,15.8163917 , 15.90295868],[17.54427411, 17.30690522, 17.26616316, ..., 17.09433026,16.9330384 , 17.00928216]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JNorthDf
          (x, y)
          float64
          14.82 15.99 16.73 ... -14.76 -11.38

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Div free Northward current density

          array([[ 14.81751015,  15.9888192 ,  16.73498917, ...,  16.44278833,15.46454312,  14.07560032],[ 14.42263788,  15.6226524 ,  16.38623751, ...,  16.36289869,15.55486219,  14.38329005],[ 13.84538654,  15.04149043,  15.8240617 , ...,  16.0665149 ,15.48307258,  14.55745653],...,[-12.28814694, -15.63994513, -17.67649058, ..., -17.16189026,-14.70341538, -11.23534634],[-12.04679737, -15.37182568, -17.44105243, ..., -17.08462625,-14.75402791, -11.38314988],[-11.9445855 , -15.26986084, -17.36719377, ..., -17.05641987,-14.75616796, -11.38254475]], shape=(160, 7))

        • Jr
          (x, y)
          float64
          -0.15 4.891 11.06 ... -16.88 -14.24

          unit :

          nA/m^2

          description :

          Radial current density

          array([[ -0.15000829,   4.89068421,  11.06078324, ..., -18.68648728,-15.29351848,  -6.36601127],[ -6.21619033,  -2.98368305,   2.80125852, ..., -23.6768117 ,-18.0232984 ,  -8.24005932],[ -7.6419629 ,  -6.22118468,  -3.61672866, ..., -29.92095964,-24.78813389, -14.07366533],...,[  7.91560397, -14.99091754, -26.39785281, ..., -17.08406616,-17.62389885, -16.66589728],[  5.71726967, -17.24114602, -27.94139263, ..., -16.69718912,-16.21625132, -14.71251212],[  3.45211976, -20.15406213, -31.79187767, ..., -19.08544348,-16.88061825, -14.23579711]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JEastCf
          (x, y)
          float64
          7.956 7.311 6.408 ... -3.409 -2.703

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Curl free Eastward current density

          array([[ 7.95588457,  7.31061199,  6.40775097, ...,  6.32741567,7.63320013,  8.42659112],[ 7.55919022,  6.98341364,  6.23740976, ...,  6.36965977,7.71772463,  8.54705002],[ 7.07692001,  6.53993525,  5.90769737, ...,  6.24800325,7.65576601,  8.5726845 ],...,[-7.88174718, -7.81613655, -6.24231829, ..., -4.05945028,-3.27244985, -2.58249111],[-8.12234559, -8.04081735, -6.44943726, ..., -4.18728352,-3.37112694, -2.6643981 ],[-8.42841235, -8.31044383, -6.6844732 , ..., -4.28991535,-3.40922544, -2.70316477]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JNorthCf
          (x, y)
          float64
          32.09 31.83 31.77 ... -9.959 -9.941

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Curl free Northward current density

          array([[ 32.0862256 ,  31.82946148,  31.773218  , ...,  31.91878107,32.09118733,  32.2581333 ],[ 32.61676641,  32.22053917,  31.93122816, ...,  31.72790759,31.74575996,  31.87738546],[ 33.32698236,  32.87384797,  32.43733944, ...,  31.87282818,31.67547687,  31.66208998],...,[ -9.30842172,  -9.48540751,  -9.69890305, ..., -10.05165438,-10.19958128, -10.31739037],[ -9.2188082 ,  -9.44434701,  -9.67344706, ...,  -9.9588961 ,-10.02283376, -10.05322553],[ -8.93497428,  -9.23096449,  -9.51561789, ...,  -9.87185712,-9.95932593,  -9.94118157]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JEastTotal
          (x, y)
          float64
          25.67 25.11 24.43 ... 13.52 14.31

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Total Eastward current density

          array([[25.66708563, 25.11456661, 24.42620269, ..., 24.36680204,25.37720653, 25.83942643],[25.33577589, 25.19654087, 24.91230501, ..., 25.57510367,26.77257161, 27.44177868],[24.40070415, 24.46594464, 24.43897026, ..., 25.73287307,27.2609619 , 28.24827955],...,[ 8.98480216,  8.60489031,  9.6807371 , ..., 11.17474868,11.83582897, 12.52838094],[ 9.14227429,  8.77951957, 10.08352731, ..., 11.80889756,12.44526477, 13.23856058],[ 9.11586175,  8.9964614 , 10.58168996, ..., 12.80441491,13.52381296, 14.30611739]], shape=(160, 7))

        • JNorthTotal
          (x, y)
          float64
          46.9 47.82 48.51 ... -24.72 -21.32

          unit :

          A/km

          description :

          Total Northward current density

          array([[ 46.90373575,  47.81828067,  48.50820718, ...,  48.3615694 ,47.55573045,  46.33373362],[ 47.03940428,  47.84319157,  48.31746567, ...,  48.09080628,47.30062215,  46.26067551],[ 47.1723689 ,  47.9153384 ,  48.26140114, ...,  47.93934308,47.15854945,  46.21954652],...,[-21.59656867, -25.12535264, -27.37539363, ..., -27.21354464,-24.90299666, -21.55273672],[-21.26560557, -24.81617269, -27.11449949, ..., -27.04352235,-24.77686167, -21.43637542],[-20.87955977, -24.50082534, -26.88281166, ..., -26.928277  ,-24.7154939 , -21.32372631]], shape=(160, 7))

      • Attributes: (4)

        description :

        DSECS result geographic coordinates

        ionospheric height (km) :

        6501

        Time interval :

        2016-03-18T12:39:33 - 2016-03-18T13:10:46

        Mean time :

        2016-03-18T12:55:09

      /DSECS_output/1/Fit_Alpha(9)

      • Dimensions:
        • Timestamp: 1874
        • NEC: 3
      • Coordinates: (2)
        • Timestamp
          (Timestamp)
          datetime64[s]
          2016-03-18T12:39:33 ... 2016-03-...

          description :

          UTC time

          array(['2016-03-18T12:39:33', '2016-03-18T12:39:34', '2016-03-18T12:39:35',..., '2016-03-18T13:10:44', '2016-03-18T13:10:45','2016-03-18T13:10:46'], shape=(1874,), dtype='datetime64[s]')

        • NEC
          (NEC)
          <U1
          'N' 'E' 'C'

          description :

          North East Center frame

          array(['N', 'E', 'C'], dtype='<U1')

      • Data variables: (5)
        • B_NEC_fit
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          -1.297 34.78 ... -32.73 -5.795

          unit :

          nT

          array([[ -1.29667038,  34.77821515,   3.39428861],[ -1.29777345,  35.07803209,   3.35946071],[ -1.32314917,  35.36344395,   3.32123817],...,[-28.17472752, -32.9845003 ,  -5.89272322],[-28.23523037, -32.85211959,  -5.84570351],[-28.31073261, -32.73055071,  -5.79535526]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • B_NEC_data
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          -3.149 40.9 4.93 ... -29.42 -2.885

          unit :

          nT

          array([[ -3.14907758,  40.89621453,   4.92963546],[ -3.2639326 ,  41.16082916,   4.88103239],[ -3.31457605,  41.44320647,   4.81300679],...,[-30.98090967, -29.4203577 ,  -3.07191073],[-31.5883138 , -29.54777188,  -2.95683551],[-32.0005583 , -29.41912243,  -2.8848165 ]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • Longitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -34.69 -34.68 ... -33.35 -33.34

          unit :

          deg

          array([-34.6887412, -34.68116  , -34.6736237, ..., -33.358783 ,-33.3511551, -33.3434814], shape=(1874,))

        • Latitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -59.95 -59.89 -59.82 ... 59.93 60.0

          unit :

          deg

          array([-59.950187 , -59.8864734, -59.8227587, ...,  59.8674223,59.931435 ,  59.9954467], shape=(1874,))

        • Radius
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.816e+06

          unit :

          m

          array([6831593.91, 6831591.36, 6831588.81, ..., 6815633.89, 6815626.06,6815618.24], shape=(1874,))

      • Attributes: (2)

        description :

        DSECS magnetic field fit.

        satellite :

        Swarm Alpha

      /DSECS_output/1/Fit_Charlie(9)

      • Dimensions:
        • Timestamp: 1874
        • NEC: 3
      • Coordinates: (2)
        • Timestamp
          (Timestamp)
          datetime64[s]
          2016-03-18T12:39:33 ... 2016-03-...

          description :

          UTC time

          array(['2016-03-18T12:39:33', '2016-03-18T12:39:34', '2016-03-18T12:39:35',..., '2016-03-18T13:10:44', '2016-03-18T13:10:45','2016-03-18T13:10:46'], shape=(1874,), dtype='datetime64[s]')

        • NEC
          (NEC)
          <U1
          'N' 'E' 'C'

          description :

          North East Center frame

          array(['N', 'E', 'C'], dtype='<U1')

      • Data variables: (5)
        • B_NEC_fit
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          -3.886 35.33 ... -32.17 -6.292

          unit :

          nT

          array([[ -3.88559693,  35.32804391,   3.53652498],[ -3.7973867 ,  35.49505753,   3.54286387],[ -3.72239876,  35.65665008,   3.54709513],...,[-26.22724988, -32.14284054,  -6.30856663],[-26.25239754, -32.15246053,  -6.30117885],[-26.28794886, -32.17090025,  -6.29155288]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • B_NEC_data
          (Timestamp, NEC)
          float64
          -5.221 43.65 ... -23.76 -1.899

          unit :

          nT

          array([[ -5.22115592,  43.6489514 ,   3.79549388],[ -5.48308219,  43.32453508,   3.66632146],[ -5.71302021,  43.13087251,   3.51692932],...,[-33.34479918, -23.92646947,  -1.88470769],[-33.4006195 , -23.41661958,  -1.87763037],[-33.62145699, -23.75747762,  -1.89929039]], shape=(1874, 3))

        • Longitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -33.22 -33.21 ... -31.88 -31.88

          unit :

          deg

          array([-33.2220239, -33.2146784, -33.2073764, ..., -31.8915909,-31.8837188, -31.8757995], shape=(1874,))

        • Latitude
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          -59.61 -59.55 ... 60.27 60.33

          unit :

          deg

          array([-59.6133452, -59.5496253, -59.4859043, ...,  60.2065906,60.2705983,  60.334605 ], shape=(1874,))

        • Radius
          (Timestamp)
          float64
          6.832e+06 6.832e+06 ... 6.816e+06

          unit :

          m

          array([6831574.03, 6831571.43, 6831568.82, ..., 6815574.89, 6815567.15,6815559.43], shape=(1874,))

      • Attributes: (2)

        description :

        DSECS magnetic field fit.

        satellite :

        Swarm Charlie

  • Attributes: (1)

    PAL_meta :

    {"DSECS_Preprocess": {"output_dataset": "DSECS_output", "dataset_alpha": "SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B", "dataset_charlie": "SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B"}, "DSECS_Analysis": {"output_dataset": "DSECS_output"}}

• Attributes: (1)

  PAL_meta :

  {"output_datasets": ["DSECS_output"]}

Outputs are stored under a new “DSECS_output” branch of the datatree. This branch is further divided into N branches (“0”, “1”, “2”, …) depending on how many passes have been analysed, and under each branch into “currents” (the estimated current densities), “Fit_Alpha” and “Fit_Charlie” (the residuals for the fitted magnetic data).

data.groups

('/',
 '/SW_OPER_MAGA_LR_1B',
 '/SW_OPER_MAGC_LR_1B',
 '/DSECS_output',
 '/DSECS_output/0',
 '/DSECS_output/1',
 '/DSECS_output/0/currents',
 '/DSECS_output/0/Fit_Alpha',
 '/DSECS_output/0/Fit_Charlie',
 '/DSECS_output/1/currents',
 '/DSECS_output/1/Fit_Alpha',
 '/DSECS_output/1/Fit_Charlie')

Plotting the outputs and fitted magnetic field

Simple line plots of the currents from the central latitudinal slice

The outputs in the datatree are enumerated, for each analyzed equatorial crossing included inside the timestamps. (“DSECS_output/0/currents”,”DSECS_output/1/currents” etc.)

print(data["DSECS_output/0/currents"].coords)
print(data["DSECS_output/0/currents"].data_vars)

Coordinates:
    Longitude  (x, y) float64 9kB 348.4 349.1 349.8 350.6 ... 350.5 351.2 351.9
    Latitude   (x, y) float64 9kB -39.96 -39.96 -39.96 ... 39.54 39.54 39.54
Data variables:
    JEastDf      (x, y) float64 9kB 12.72 12.93 13.3 13.73 ... 37.02 37.14 37.48
    JNorthDf     (x, y) float64 9kB 3.516 3.657 3.778 ... -2.793 -1.304 0.7451
    Jr           (x, y) float64 9kB 5.582 4.441 3.013 ... -1.077 0.4146 -0.4951
    JEastCf      (x, y) float64 9kB 3.991 3.817 3.626 ... -1.831 -2.357 -2.855
    JNorthCf     (x, y) float64 9kB 15.71 15.87 16.01 ... 3.147 3.519 3.884
    JEastTotal   (x, y) float64 9kB 16.71 16.75 16.93 17.2 ... 35.19 34.78 34.62
    JNorthTotal  (x, y) float64 9kB 19.22 19.52 19.78 ... 0.3541 2.215 4.629

latitudes = data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["Latitude"][:, 3]
fig, ax = plt.subplots(4, 1, figsize=(10, 20))
lineE = ax[0].plot(
    latitudes,
    data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["JEastTotal"][:, 3],
    "r",
    label="Eastward",
)
lineN = ax[0].plot(
    latitudes,
    data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["JNorthTotal"][:, 3],
    "k",
    label="Northward",
)
ax[0].set_title("Total Current")
ax[0].set_ylabel("Current density (A/km)")


lineE = ax[1].plot(
    latitudes, data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["JEastCf"][:, 3], "r", label="Eastward"
)
lineN = ax[1].plot(
    latitudes, data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["JNorthCf"][:, 3], "k", label="Northward"
)
ax[1].set_title("Curl free current")
ax[1].set_ylabel("Current density (A/km)")

# ax[0].set_title('Total Current (DF + CF)')

lineE = ax[2].plot(
    latitudes, data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["JEastDf"][:, 3], "r", label="Eastward"
)
lineN = ax[2].plot(
    latitudes, data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["JNorthDf"][:, 3], "k", label="Northward"
)
ax[2].set_title("Divergence free current")
ax[2].set_ylabel("Current density (A/km)")

liner = ax[3].plot(
    latitudes,
    data["DSECS_output/0/currents"]["Jr"][:, 3],
    "r",
    label="Radial current density",
)
ax[3].set_title("Radial current density")
ax[3].set_ylabel("Current density (nA/m^2)")

for axv in ax:
    axv.set_xlabel("Latitude", loc="left")
    axv.legend()

(Preview) Quicklook plots

from swarmpal.experimental import dsecs_plotting

Plot a specific pass

dsecs_plotting.plot_analysed_pass(data, "DSECS_output", pass_no=0)

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/swarmpal/envs/main/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cartopy/io/__init__.py:242: DownloadWarning: Downloading: https://naturalearth.s3.amazonaws.com/110m_physical/ne_110m_coastline.zip
  warnings.warn(f'Downloading: {url}', DownloadWarning)

Automatically plot all passes

figs = dsecs_plotting.quicklook(data)

figs[0]

figs[1]

Create an animation of those quicklook plots (using ipwidgets)

(If you are viewing this on the web, it will not be interactive)

dsecs_plotting.quicklook_animated(data)

data.to_netcdf("dsecs_example.nc")